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Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
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Published on: July 23, 2010

The papillomavirus E2 proteins.

Alison A McBride1

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Virology
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Papillomavirus E2 proteins regulate viral DNA replication, transcription, and genome partitioning. This review details their structure, function, and genomic binding sites for researchers.

Keywords:
E2GenomicsHPVMutationPapillomavirusReplicationStructureTetheringTranscription

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Published on: July 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Papillomavirus E2 proteins are essential for the viral life cycle.
  • They play key roles in transcription, DNA replication, and genome partitioning.
  • Additional functions include vegetative DNA replication and post-transcriptional processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of papillomavirus E2 proteins.
  • To describe the structural and functional characteristics of E2 proteins.
  • To detail E2 protein binding sites on the viral genome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on papillomavirus E2 proteins.
  • Analysis of structural data and functional assays.
  • Compilation of information on E2 protein-DNA interactions.

Main Results:

  • E2 proteins exhibit diverse functions critical to papillomavirus replication.
  • Detailed structural insights into E2 protein domains.
  • Identification and characterization of specific E2 binding sites within the viral genome.

Conclusions:

  • Papillomavirus E2 proteins are multifunctional regulators vital for viral propagation.
  • Understanding E2 structure-function relationships is key to viral control.
  • This review serves as a reference for the E2 protein family.