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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

[Hepatorenal syndrome: focus].

Victor Gueutin1, Aimele Meftah, Geoffroy Desbuissons

  • 1Service de néphrologie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.

Nephrologie & Therapeutique
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe liver complication. Treatment involves vasoconstrictors like terlipressin, TIPS, or liver transplantation for advanced cases.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryCirrhose hépatiqueGreffe hépatiqueHypertension portaleInsuffisance rénale aiguëLiver cirrhosisLiver transplantationPortal hypertensionVasoconstricteursVasoconstrictors

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Context:

  • Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a critical complication of advanced cirrhosis.
  • It arises from abnormal hemodynamics, causing systemic vasodilation and renal vasoconstriction.
  • Factors like bacterial translocation and inflammatory cytokines exacerbate splanchnic vasodilation and impair renal autoregulation.

Purpose:

  • To outline the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS).
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies, including vasoconstrictors and liver transplantation.
  • To address the complexities of combined liver-kidney transplantation.

Summary:

  • Type 1 HRS, often triggered by an event causing systemic inflammation, leads to multiorgan failure.
  • Primary treatments include vasoconstrictors (terlipressin preferred, norepinephrine alternative) and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS).
  • Liver transplantation is the definitive cure; combined liver-kidney transplant is considered for patients requiring prolonged pre-transplant dialysis.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of HRS, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and treatment selection.
  • Highlights the efficacy of specific treatments like terlipressin and the role of transplantation.
  • Informs decisions regarding combined organ transplantation for end-stage liver and kidney disease.