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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
06:36

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Published on: September 1, 2022

VLSI Potentiostat Array With Oversampling Gain Modulation for Wide-Range Neurotransmitter Sensing.

M Stanacevic, K Murari, A Rege

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |July 16, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a 16-channel sensor array for sensitive electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters. The system achieves high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range with low power consumption.

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    Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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    07:51

    Voltage Biasing, Cyclic Voltammetry, & Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Neural Interfaces

    Published on: February 24, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters like dopamine and nitric oxide is crucial for understanding neurological processes.
    • Existing sensor systems often face limitations in sensitivity, dynamic range, or power consumption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a highly sensitive, low-power 16-channel sensor array system for electrochemical neurotransmitter detection.
    • To enable real-time, multichannel acquisition of neurotransmitter concentrations.

    Main Methods:

    • A 16-channel current-measuring very large-scale integration (VLSI) sensor array system was designed and fabricated using 0.5-μm CMOS technology.
    • Each channel integrates a current-measuring potentiostat with a switched-capacitor delta-sigma modulator (incremental analog-to-digital converter).
    • Programmable digital range selection was achieved through duty-cycle modulation and variable oversampling ratio.

    Main Results:

    • The sensor array demonstrates high sensitivity with 100-fA input current detection capability.
    • Achieved ultra-low power consumption of 3.4-μW per channel.
    • Successfully demonstrated real-time multichannel acquisition of neurotransmitter concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed VLSI sensor array system offers a sensitive and efficient platform for electrochemical neurotransmitter detection.
    • The system's low power consumption and wide dynamic range make it suitable for various neuroscience applications.
    • This technology facilitates advanced real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter dynamics.