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Related Concept Videos

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...
MOSFET01:16

MOSFET

The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) plays a pivotal role in modern electronics thanks to its versatility and efficiency in controlling electrical currents. This device, also known as IGFET, MISFET, and MOSFET, has three main terminals: the Source, Drain, and Gate. MOSFETs are classified into n-channel or p-channel types based on the doping characteristics of their substrate and the source or drain regions.
In an n-MOSFET, the structure includes n-type source and drain...
MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
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Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

A High-Voltage SOI CMOS Exciter Chip for a Programmable Fluidic Processor System.

K W Current, K Yuk, C McConaghy

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |July 16, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel high-voltage integrated circuit enables programmable fluidic droplet manipulation using dielectrophoresis (DEP) on a lab-on-a-chip system. This technology allows precise control over droplet movement for advanced microfluidic applications.

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    Published on: July 2, 2020

    Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays
    18:11

    Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

    Published on: October 1, 2007

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    Last Updated: May 9, 2026

    Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
    14:48

    Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

    Published on: April 17, 2021

    Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
    10:06

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    Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays
    18:11

    Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

    Published on: October 1, 2007

    Area of Science:

    • Microfluidics
    • Integrated Circuits
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Lab-on-a-chip systems require precise control over fluidic samples.
    • Dielectrophoresis (DEP) offers a non-contact method for manipulating micro-scale droplets.
    • Existing DEP systems face limitations in programmability and voltage control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a high-voltage (HV) integrated circuit for programmable fluidic droplet transport.
    • To develop an expandable architecture for N x N electrode arrays.
    • To enable adjustable control over droplet manipulation parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a 32 x 32 array of individually programmable HV electrode drivers.
    • Utilizing a hydrophobically coated surface for droplet manipulation.
    • Implementing programmable voltage amplitude, phase, and frequency for DEP control.
    • Testing with a 100-V peak-to-peak waveform at up to 200 Hz.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of programmable droplet path control on the integrated circuit.
    • Achieved independent adjustment of voltage amplitude (up to breakdown voltage) and frequency.
    • Demonstrated compatibility with enclosed fluidic chambers of varying thicknesses.
    • Fabricated chip operates at 100V, 200Hz, with 250 kHz data rates in 1.0-μm SOI CMOS.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed HV integrated circuit provides a versatile platform for DEP-based microfluidic applications.
    • Programmable control over droplet movement enhances the capabilities of lab-on-a-chip systems.
    • The expandable architecture and adjustable parameters offer flexibility for diverse applications.