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Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
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Ecology and evolution affect network structure in an intimate marine mutualism.

Andrew R Thompson1, Thomas C Adam, Kristin M Hultgren

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Marine mutualisms show similar specialization to intimate terrestrial ones. Habitat use and evolutionary history influence species interactions, revealing conserved life-history traits in mutualistic relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Mutualistic species interactions are key in ecology.
  • Terrestrial networks show higher specialization in intimate mutualisms.
  • Specialization patterns in marine mutualisms remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze network specialization in marine mutualistic networks.
  • To compare marine mutualism specialization with terrestrial counterparts.
  • To identify factors affecting specialization in marine mutualisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of network specialization ([Formula: see text]) in eight Indo-Pacific goby-shrimp mutualistic networks.
  • Comparison of specialization levels with terrestrial ant-myrmecophyte and seed disperser networks.
  • Assessment of the influence of habitat use variability and phylogenetic history on specialization.

Main Results:

  • Marine goby-shrimp mutualism specialization was comparable to intimate terrestrial mutualisms.
  • Specialization was higher than in nonintimate terrestrial mutualisms.
  • Habitat use variability and phylogenetic history (for shrimps) affected specialization.

Conclusions:

  • Life-history traits influencing mutualism evolution transcend environmental boundaries.
  • Shrimp phylogeny and habitat use were linked, unlike in gobies.
  • Asymmetric evolutionary constraints and convergent evolution shape marine mutualistic networks.