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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Construction and Characterization of a Novel Vocal Fold Bioreactor

Construction and Characterization of a Novel Vocal Fold Bioreactor

Published on: August 1, 2014

An analog integrated-circuit vocal tract.

Keng Hoong Wee, L Turicchia, R Sarpeshkar

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

|July 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the first analog integrated-circuit vocal tract, enabling efficient speech synthesis and noise-robust speech recognition using a compact, physiologically-inspired model.

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Acoustics
Speech Processing

Background:

The human vocal tract is a complex biomechanical system responsible for speech production.
Previous models often lacked the efficiency and real-time processing capabilities for advanced applications.
Integrated circuits offer a pathway to miniaturize and enhance the functionality of vocal tract models.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop the first experimental analog integrated-circuit vocal tract.
To enable efficient and physiologically accurate speech synthesis.
To explore applications in noise-robust speech recognition.

Main Methods:

Mapping fluid dynamics to electrical circuit parameters (volume velocity to current, pressure to voltage).
Implementing a 16-stage cascade of two-port pi-elements for a tunable transmission line.
Utilizing a nonlinear resistor to model vocal tract airflow, including laminar and turbulent flow.
Integrating a current source to simulate the glottal source.

Main Results:

Achieved high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of 64-66 dB for formant resonances.
Demonstrated the synthesis of speech signals using compact, linearly interpolatable articulatory parameters.
The analog vocal tract chip operates at a low power consumption of 275 muW.

Conclusions:

The analog vocal tract chip represents a significant advancement in speech synthesis and processing.
Its physiological model and electrical implementation offer potential for noise-robust speech recognition systems.
This technology paves the way for more efficient and compact speech-related electronic devices.