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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Optimization of Breast Biopsy and Mastectomy Sample Collection Procedures for Biobanking, Personalized Medicine, and Research Applications

Optimization of Breast Biopsy and Mastectomy Sample Collection Procedures for Biobanking, Personalized Medicine, and Research Applications

Published on: September 2, 2025

Context is everything: an unusual breast core biopsy case.

Hitesh Mathew¹, Bushra Hamid

¹1Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, Cheshire, UK.

International Journal of Surgical Pathology

|July 16, 2013

Summary

Female-to-male transsexuals undergoing androgen therapy may present with unusual breast core biopsy findings. Pathologists must consider these hormonal changes and potential specimen mislabeling to ensure accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:

androgens breast changes gender reassignment hormone treatment mislabeling

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Published on: July 29, 2011

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Pathology
Oncology

Background:

Gender reassignment surgery and androgen therapy in female-to-male individuals can induce significant histological alterations in breast tissue.
Accurate interpretation of breast core biopsies is crucial for patient management and requires awareness of treatment-related changes.

Observation:

A 58-year-old male patient presented with a clinically diagnosed fibroadenoma in the supra-areolar region.
The case highlights unusual presentations in breast core biopsies that may arise in the context of hormonal therapy.

Findings:

Histological examination revealed changes in breast tissue associated with androgen treatment.
Differential diagnosis must include treatment-induced modifications to avoid misinterpretation of benign changes as malignancy.

Implications:

Awareness of androgen-induced histological changes is essential for pathologists interpreting breast biopsies in female-to-male transsexuals.
Clinical history and careful evaluation are critical to prevent diagnostic errors and ensure appropriate patient care.
This case underscores the importance of considering specimen integrity and potential mislabeling in challenging biopsy evaluations.