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Control of ventilation in COPD and lung injury
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|July 17, 2013
Summary
The respiratory control system adapts to lung diseases like COPD and ARDS by altering breathing patterns. These changes help maintain homeostasis despite progressive pulmonary pathology and acute lung injury.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Breathing patterns are modulated by the ventilatory control system to maintain homeostasis.
- Respiratory diseases significantly alter breathing patterns, impacting physiological function.
- Understanding these alterations is crucial for managing lung pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review functional changes and compensatory mechanisms in the respiratory control system during acute and chronic lung diseases.
- To illustrate how the ventilatory control system adapts to progressive pulmonary pathology.
- To examine the plasticity of respiratory control in response to lung disease progression.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on respiratory control system adaptations.
- Analysis of functional changes in response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Examination of compensatory mechanisms in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Main Results:
- COPD involves adaptations in respiratory muscles, chemoreceptors, and central drive to increase motor output.
- ARDS leads to altered breathing patterns due to lung injury and modified afferent feedback processing.
- The respiratory control system demonstrates plasticity in response to both acute and chronic lung diseases.
Conclusions:
- The ventilatory control system dynamically adjusts to maintain homeostasis during lung disease.
- Chronic and acute lung diseases elicit distinct, yet adaptive, changes in respiratory control.
- The plasticity of the respiratory control system is a key factor in adapting to pulmonary pathology.
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