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Related Concept Videos

Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Apoplast-Extraction Based Method to Improve the Purity of Plant Produced Recombinant Protein
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Apoplast-Extraction Based Method to Improve the Purity of Plant Produced Recombinant Protein

Published on: July 5, 2024

Plant-derived pharmaceuticals for the developing world.

Kathleen Hefferon1

  • 1Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. kathleen.hefferon@utoronto.ca.

Biotechnology Journal
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant-made vaccines offer a cost-effective solution for infectious diseases in developing nations. This approach leverages plant expression systems for accessible, stable, and potent vaccines against major global health threats.

Keywords:
Developing countriesImmune responsePlant production platformsPlant-derived vaccinesTherapeutic proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Vaccinology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Plant-produced vaccines and therapeutics present a significant opportunity to reduce infant mortality in developing countries.
  • Plant-derived vaccines have proven effective in eliciting immune responses.
  • Biopharmaceuticals from plants are cost-effective, require minimal purification, and offer long-term ambient storage, enhancing accessibility for underserved populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of plant-produced biopharmaceuticals, focusing on applications in developing countries.
  • To highlight recent advancements in plant-produced vaccines targeting critical infectious diseases.
  • To discuss production platforms and future directions for plant-based vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on plant-produced biopharmaceuticals.
  • Emphasis on vaccine development for diseases prevalent in developing nations.
  • Description of various plant expression platforms (nuclear, chloroplast transformation, viral vectors).

Main Results:

  • Plant-based systems are capable of producing effective vaccines against diseases like HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, Ebola, HPV, rabies, and diarrheal pathogens.
  • Demonstrated potential for cost reduction and improved accessibility of vaccines.
  • Established various production platforms for successful expression of vaccine antigens in plants.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-produced vaccines hold significant promise for delivering safe, effective, and affordable immunization solutions to the developing world.
  • Further research and development are crucial to overcome challenges and achieve widespread implementation.
  • Continued focus on optimizing production platforms and clinical validation is essential for global health impact.