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The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
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Related Experiment Video

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The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

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Published on: February 4, 2015

Affective modulation of attentional switching.

Bram T Heerebout1, Ana Todorović, Hilde E Smedinga

  • 1University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The American Journal of Psychology
|July 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Happy faces improve attentional switching, while angry faces hinder it. This suggests early evolutionary development of affect influencing attention, impacting cognitive flexibility and information processing.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Affective modulation of attentional processes may be evolutionarily ancient.
  • Understanding the interplay between emotion and attention is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how affect influences attentional switching between neutral stimuli.
  • To determine if limited-capacity control processes are involved in affective modulation of attention.
  • To explore the distinction between attentional flexibility and attentional broadening.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral study involving two experiments.
  • Experiment 1: Assessed attentional switching from an automatized response using subliminal emotional faces (happy, angry, neutral).

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  • Experiment 2: Examined attentional switching between global and local spatial biases under different affective priming conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Subliminal happy faces facilitated switching from an automatized response, whereas angry faces inhibited it (Experiment 1).
    • Participants primed with happy faces showed easier switching to an opposite spatial bias, while angry faces impaired this switching (Experiment 2).
    • Affective primes influenced attentional flexibility, suggesting a link between emotion and cognitive control.

    Conclusions:

    • Affective modulation of attentional switching appears to be an evolutionarily primitive mechanism.
    • Emotional stimuli significantly impact the ability to shift attentional focus.
    • These findings suggest that attentional flexibility is distinct from attentional broadening and is modulated by affect.