Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ionization and fragmentation of the CHClF2 molecule induced by swift protons and EUV photons.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

ZooTraits: An R shiny app for exploring animal trait data for ecological and evolutionary research.

Ecology and evolution·2024
Same author

O_{2}^{+} Production Coming from CO_{2} Single-Event Electron Impact.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Bringing light onto the Raunkiæran shortfall: A comprehensive review of traits used in functional animal ecology.

Ecology and evolution·2023
Same author

Hyaluronic Acid Scaffolds for Loco-Regional Therapy in Nervous System Related Disorders.

International journal of molecular sciences·2022
Same author

Intrascleral Knotless Zigzag Suture Fixation of Four-Haptic Hydrophilic Acrylic Foldable IOL: Clinical Outcomes.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Absolute cross sections for O2 dication production by electron impact.

L Sigaud1, Natalia Ferreira, E C Montenegro

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reports new cross-section measurements for double ionization of oxygen molecules (O2) using electron impact. Results differ from prior studies and suggest Auger-like deexcitation is key for producing O2 (++).

More Related Videos

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
09:40

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

3D Depth Profile Reconstruction of Segregated Impurities Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
07:10

3D Depth Profile Reconstruction of Segregated Impurities Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 29, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
09:40

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

3D Depth Profile Reconstruction of Segregated Impurities Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
07:10

3D Depth Profile Reconstruction of Segregated Impurities Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Chemical Physics
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Direct detection of homonuclear diatomic dications via mass spectrometry faces challenges distinguishing same mass-to-charge ratio fragments.
  • The oxygen molecule (O2) presents such a challenge, complicating the study of its dication state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report, for the first time, absolute cross sections for the double ionization of the homoisotopic (16)O2 molecule by electron impact.
  • To compare these new results with previous findings obtained using heteroisotopic molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Electron impact ionization experiments were conducted on the homoisotopic (16)O2 molecule.
  • Measurements were performed within an electron energy range of 30-400 eV.
  • Absolute cross sections for double ionization were determined.

Main Results:

  • Novel absolute cross sections for the double ionization of (16)O2 by electron impact are presented.
  • Significant discrepancies were observed when compared to previous results obtained with (16)O(17)O.
  • The data suggest that O2 (++) is primarily formed via post-collisional Auger-like deexcitation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first absolute cross-section data for double ionization of homoisotopic O2.
  • Discrepancies highlight the importance of isotopic composition in such measurements.
  • Auger-like deexcitation is proposed as the dominant mechanism for O2 (++) formation.