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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Heavy solitons in a fermionic superfluid.

Tarik Yefsah1, Ariel T Sommer, Mark J H Ku

  • 1MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Nature
|July 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created long-lived solitons in fermionic atom superfluids, observing a significant mass increase due to strong quantum fluctuations. This finding challenges current theoretical predictions for strongly interacting fermions.

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

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Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Solitons are stable, self-reinforcing solitary waves observed in various physical systems, including water waves, light pulses, and quantum matter waves.
  • Their sensitivity to the medium makes solitons valuable probes for studying material properties.
  • Strongly interacting fermionic superfluids exhibit complex quantum phenomena relevant to condensed matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create and study long-lived solitons in a strongly interacting superfluid of fermionic atoms.
  • To investigate how soliton properties change with varying interaction strengths, from molecular Bose-Einstein condensate to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer regimes.
  • To benchmark theoretical models of non-equilibrium dynamics in strongly correlated fermionic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of long-lived solitons in a strongly interacting superfluid using fermionic atoms.
  • Direct observation and measurement of soliton motion and effective mass.
  • Tuning of interatomic interactions across different quantum regimes.

Main Results:

  • Solitons were successfully created and observed to propagate in the fermionic superfluid.
  • A significant increase in the effective mass of solitons was observed, reaching over 200 times their bare mass.
  • The measured mass enhancement was substantially larger than theoretical predictions, exceeding them by more than 50 times.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a novel platform for exploring soliton dynamics in strongly interacting quantum systems.
  • Observed mass enhancement indicates significant quantum fluctuations and highlights limitations in current theoretical models.
  • This work provides crucial experimental data for advancing the understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics in fermionic superfluids.