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Related Concept Videos

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
Animal and Plant Cell Structure01:30

Animal and Plant Cell Structure

Animal and plant cells not only differ in their structure, function, and mode of nutrition but also in how they reproduce, specialize, and organize into complex structures.
Cell Division
Though both plant and animal cells divide by mitosis (for non-gametic cells) and meiosis (for gametic cells), they differ in the specifics of this process. Unlike animal cells, plant cells lack centrosomes — an organelle responsible for organizing the spindle fibers and segregating the chromosomes during cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications
09:27

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Published on: May 10, 2016

Enhanced cellulose orientation analysis in complex model plant tissues.

Markus Rüggeberg1, Friederike Saxe2, Till H Metzger2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Building Materials, Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Applied Wood Materials, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.

Journal of Structural Biology
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurately visualizing cellulose microfibril orientation in plant cell walls is crucial for understanding plant growth. This new method precisely maps cellulose orientation, improving nanostructural analysis and avoiding errors from simplified models.

Keywords:
ArabidopsisCellulose microfibril angleGenetic modificationPlant cell wallsPopulusX-ray diffraction

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Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall
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Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR
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Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

Published on: February 12, 2019

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications
09:27

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Published on: May 10, 2016

Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall
07:51

Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall

Published on: June 10, 2017

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR
09:37

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

Published on: February 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cellulose microfibril orientation in plant cell walls dictates anisotropic growth and mechanical properties.
  • Accurate visualization of cellulose microfibrils is challenging due to their small size and the complex plant cell wall matrix.
  • Existing X-ray diffraction analysis methods often rely on oversimplified assumptions about cell geometry and microfibril orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sophisticated evaluation procedure for analyzing cellulose microfibril orientation in plant cell walls.
  • To account for precise cell geometry and complex microfibril orientation distributions.
  • To provide a versatile tool for accurate nanostructural analysis of plant cell walls.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel evaluation procedure for X-ray diffraction data from plant cell walls.
  • Incorporated precise cell geometry into the analysis.
  • Applied the method to analyze cellulose orientation in aspen wood and Arabidopsis stems.

Main Results:

  • The new procedure reveals the complete orientation distribution of cellulose microfibrils, including multi-layered cell walls.
  • Demonstrated that simplifying assumptions can lead to significant errors in microfibril orientation patterns.
  • Validated the method's versatility across different plant tissues (wood and stems).

Conclusions:

  • The developed evaluation procedure offers a more accurate approach to analyzing cellulose microfibril orientation.
  • This method enhances the understanding of plant cell wall nanostructure and its relation to plant growth and mechanics.
  • The simulation routine is a valuable, freely available tool for researchers in plant science and materials science.