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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
08:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

Published on: May 8, 2016

Neural networks in intestinal immunoregulation.

Léa M M Costes1, Guy E Boeckxstaens, Wouter J de Jonge

  • 1Department of Neurogastroenterology; Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research; Academic Medical Center (AMC); Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Organogenesis
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The gut

Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Gut-brain axis research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Intestinal functions are controlled by extrinsic (autonomic nervous system) and intrinsic (enteric nervous system) innervation.
  • The intestine possesses a highly regulated immune system due to constant microbial exposure.
  • Interactions between the nervous and immune systems in the gut are crucial for homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the interplay between gut innervation and the intestinal immune system.
  • To highlight the role of extrinsic and intrinsic neuronal inputs in immune responses.
  • To discuss neural mechanisms in intestinal inflammation and the influence of gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on neuro-immune interactions in the intestine.
Keywords:
inflammatory reflexintestineneuro-immune interactionssympathetic nervevagus nerve

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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  • Analysis of studies investigating extrinsic and intrinsic neuronal control of gut immunity.
  • Examination of findings on inflammatory neural reflexes and microbiota-gut-brain axis.

    • Main Results:

    • Extrinsic and intrinsic neuronal systems modulate intestinal immune responses.
    • Neural reflexes play a significant role in initiating and perpetuating intestinal inflammation.
    • Gut microbiota composition influences brain function and gut physiology.

    Conclusions:

    • Nervous and immune systems in the gut are intricately linked, impacting intestinal health.
    • Understanding neural pathways is key to addressing intestinal inflammatory conditions.
    • The gut microbiota is an emerging factor in regulating the gut-brain axis and overall health.