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3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents
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Exploring diagonal gait using a forward dynamic three-dimensional chimpanzee simulation.

W I Sellers1, L Margetts, K T Bates

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. William.Sellers@manchester.ac.uk

Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) exhibit unusual quadrupedal locomotion, preferring diagonal gaits over lateral ones. Computer simulations suggest this preference isn't solely mechanical, indicating multiple factors influence primate walking gaits.

Area of Science:

  • Primate locomotion
  • Biomechanics
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Primates, unlike most terrestrial mammals, favor diagonal gaits for quadrupedal locomotion at walking speeds.
  • Proposed reasons for this preference include arboreal ancestry, stability, energetics, neural control, skeletal loading, and limb interference avoidance.
  • Experimental investigation is challenging due to limited use of non-diagonal gaits by most primates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biomechanical and energetic constraints of primate locomotion using computer simulations.
  • To model chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) quadrupedal locomotion to understand gait preferences.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a biologically realistic computer simulation model for chimpanzee locomotion.
  • Analysis of spontaneous quadrupedal locomotion generated by the simulation.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

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  • Evaluation of footfall sequences, distinguishing between lateral and diagonal gaits.

    • Main Results:

    • The simulation produced both lateral and diagonal footfall sequences without clear energetic advantages for either.
    • A notable finding was the occurrence of lateral sequence/lateral couplet gaits in 5 out of 10 successful simulation runs.
    • This indicates a preference for a specific lateral footfall pattern with constrained limb phase differences.

    Conclusions:

    • The selection of diagonal walking gaits in chimpanzees is likely not determined by simple mechanical factors alone.
    • Multiple factors, beyond basic biomechanics, appear to influence the evolution and preference for diagonal gaits in primates.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex factors driving primate locomotion patterns.