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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Corrigendum: Long term NIV in an infant with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome: a case report and overview of respiratory morbidity.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2024
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[Management of asthma attack in children aged 6 to 12 years].

Revue des maladies respiratoires·2024
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Long term NIV in an infant with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome: A case report and overview of respiratory morbidity.

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[Pediatric pulmonolgy: Children's wheezes].

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Remodelling and inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze and asthma outcome at school age.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2018
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[Primary ciliary dyskinesia: who and how to confirm the diagnosis?].

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
05:32

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Published on: January 19, 2022

[Congenital ciliary dyskinesia. Focus].

A Tamalet1, S Blanchon

  • 1Inserm UMR S-938, centre de référence des maladies respiratoires rares, service de pneumologie pédiatrique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France. aline.tamalet@cegetel.net

Revue De Pneumologie Clinique
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting motile cilia. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis.

Keywords:
ChildrenCiliary dyskinesiaDiagnosisDiagnosticDyskinésie ciliaireEnfantKartagener syndromeSyndrome de Kartagener

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Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
05:32

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Published on: January 19, 2022

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published on: November 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Rare Diseases

Context:

  • Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited condition impacting motile cilia structure and function.
  • Its prevalence is likely underestimated due to diagnostic challenges, especially without Kartagener syndrome.
  • Diagnosis relies on identifying abnormal ciliary motility and ultrastructure.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the key aspects of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD).
  • To highlight diagnostic criteria and genetic underpinnings.
  • To emphasize the importance of early intervention.

Summary:

  • PCD is a rare autosomal recessive disease stemming from defects in motile cilia.
  • Confirmed by abnormal ciliary motility and ultrastructure, with over 16 causative genes identified.
  • Genetic analysis is guided by observed ultrastructural abnormalities.

Impact:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of PCD can significantly improve the disease's prognosis.
  • Understanding genetic causes aids in targeted diagnostics and potential therapies.
  • Increased awareness may lead to better identification of underdiagnosed cases.