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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

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High Throughput Characterization of Adult Stem Cells Engineered for Delivery of Therapeutic Factors for Neuroprotective Strategies
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Exploring the mesenchymal stem cell niche using high throughput screening.

Soraya Rasi Ghaemi1, Frances J Harding, Bahman Delalat

  • 1Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.

Biomaterials
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the stem cell niche is key for advancing stem cell technology. This review explores how physicochemical surface properties influence mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate and discusses high-throughput screening methods for controlling cell behavior.

Keywords:
High-throughput screeningMesenchymal stem cellNicheSurface engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Advancements in stem cell technology depend on isolating, scaling, and differentiating specific stem cell populations.
  • The stem cell microenvironment (niche) includes signals from cells and the extracellular matrix, with physicochemical surface variables playing a crucial role.
  • Controlling cellular behavior via the niche is challenging due to numerous interacting parameters influencing cell fate decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore biological, chemical, and physical parameters affecting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) self-renewal and differentiation.
  • To review high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques for probing MSC niche attributes and directing stem cell fate.
  • To discuss challenges in replicating the three-dimensional nature of the niche in surface-based HTS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physicochemical parameters influencing stem cell behavior.
  • Exploration of high-throughput screening (HTS) strategies for stem cell niche analysis.
  • Case study focusing on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Main Results:

  • Physicochemical surface properties significantly influence stem cell behavior and fate.
  • High-throughput screening (HTS) enables probing of common and specific MSC niche attributes.
  • Identified key parameters that can be modulated to direct stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and manipulating the stem cell niche, particularly surface properties, is critical for stem cell technology.
  • High-throughput screening (HTS) offers powerful tools for discovering niche-specific conditions.
  • Replicating the 3D niche environment in HTS remains a significant challenge for future research.