Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026
08:43
Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups
Theresa Liang1, Constanze N Neumann, Tobias Ritter
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 23, 2013
Summary
Modern catalysis advances organofluorine chemistry, enabling new C-F bond formations. Despite challenges, these methods improve access to fluorinated molecules for drug discovery and imaging.
Area of Science:
- Organometallic chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry.
- Catalysis and fluorination reactions.
- Medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Background:
- Significant advances in fluorination chemistry over the last decade are attributed to organo- and transition-metal catalysis.
- The formation of the carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond remains a key challenge due to fluoride's high hydration energy and strong metal-fluorine bonds.
- Current fluorination methodologies often lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review conventional fluorination reactions and the introduction of fluorinated functional groups.
- To highlight recent developments and modern approaches in the field of fluorination.
- To discuss the impact of advanced fluorination methods on various research areas.
Main Methods:
- Summary of established fluorination techniques.
- Focus on catalytic methods, including organocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis.
- Discussion of reactions forming the parent C-F bond and introducing fluorinated moieties.
Main Results:
- Modern catalytic methods have significantly improved the availability of fluorinated molecules.
- Despite inherent challenges, new fluorination strategies are emerging.
- Fluorinated compounds are increasingly utilized in specialized applications like drug discovery and positron emission tomography (PET).
Conclusions:
- Catalysis has revolutionized organofluorine chemistry, offering new synthetic routes.
- Overcoming challenges in C-F bond formation is crucial for broader applicability.
- Advances in fluorination are expanding the utility of fluorinated molecules in high-impact research fields.
More Related Videos
10:10Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
Published on: July 28, 2018
06:44From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
Published on: March 24, 2018
Related Concept Videos
02:08Introduction to Functional Groups
Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...
02:22Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
03:01Halogens
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
01:19Overview of Functional Groups
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...
02:45Functional Groups
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
02:45Functional Groups
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...