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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Transport01:29

Electrical Transport

The electrical transport property of a material is defined by its resistance and conductivity. Resistance is the measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current, while conductivity gauges its ability to allow the current to pass through, depending on the geometry of the measurement cell, such as electrode spacing and area. Conductivity is measured in Siemens (S). There are different types of conductance, including specific conductance, equivalent conductance, and molar...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...

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Electrical transport measured in atomic carbon chains.

Ovidiu Cretu1, Andrés R Botello-Mendez, Izabela Janowska

  • 1Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Strasbourg, France.

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Summary

Researchers measured the electrical transport of single-atom carbon chains, finding their conductivity is lower than predicted due to strain. This strain tunes the atomic structure and band gap, impacting electronic properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Monatomic carbon chains represent a fundamental one-dimensional system with unique electronic properties.
  • Previous theoretical predictions suggested high electrical conductivity for ideal carbon chains.
  • Experimental realization and characterization of these chains remain challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the electrical transport properties of monatomic carbon chains.
  • To investigate the factors limiting the conductivity of these chains.
  • To reconcile experimental findings with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical-transport measurements on single-atom carbon chains.
  • In-situ fabrication of carbon chains by unraveling graphene ribbons under electrical current.
  • First-principles calculations including density functional theory (DFT) and many-body perturbation theory (MBPT).

Main Results:

  • First direct electrical-transport measurements of monatomic carbon chains reported.
  • Observed conductivity significantly lower than theoretical predictions for ideal chains.
  • Calculations reveal strain-induced structural transitions (cumulene to polyyne) and tunable band gaps.
  • Strain's effect on conductivity increases with chain length.

Conclusions:

  • The low conductivity is attributed to intrinsic strain and modified electronic structure.
  • The contact between the carbon chain and the graphitic periphery influences conductivity.
  • Strain-dependent structural transformations are key to understanding the electronic behavior of these chains.