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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
13:00

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Preventing newborn infection with maternal immunization.

Steven Black1, Immaculada Margarit, Rino Rappuoli

  • 1Center for Global Health, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|July 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal immunization against Group B Streptococcus can protect newborns from sepsis. This strategy allows antibodies to transfer from mother to fetus, preventing fatal infections.

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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

Published on: March 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes life-threatening sepsis in newborns.
  • Passive antibody transfer from mother to fetus is a key protective mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss strategies for maternal immunization to prevent GBS disease.
  • To explore methods for protecting neonates from GBS infections.

Main Methods:

  • A scientific meeting was convened to discuss potential approaches.
  • Focus on maternal vaccination for passive antibody transfer.

Main Results:

  • Maternal immunization is a viable strategy for GBS prevention.
  • Antibodies generated in mothers can protect fetuses and newborns.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting pregnant women for GBS vaccination is crucial.
  • Maternal immunization offers a promising approach to reduce neonatal GBS disease.