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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren syndrome.
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
07:49

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Published on: September 17, 2014

Improved pupil dilation with medication-soaked pledget sponges.

Celeste Weddle1, Nikki Thomas, Jacqueline Dienemann

  • 1Carolinas Medical Center University, Charlotte, NC, USA.

AORN Journal
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new pledget-sponge technique for pupil dilation significantly reduced cataract surgery delays and improved efficiency. This evidence-based approach enhanced perioperative satisfaction and streamlined patient preparation.

Keywords:
cataractevidence-based practice modelmydriasispledgetpupil dilation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Quality Improvement
  • Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

  • Traditional multi-drop pupil dilation methods for cataract surgery are often ineffective, leading to delays and staff dissatisfaction.
  • Inefficient mydriasis impacts surgical scheduling and patient throughput in ambulatory surgery centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate research on improving the effectiveness and efficiency of pupillary dilation.
  • To implement and assess a novel pledget-sponge procedure for mydriasis in a clinical setting.

Main Methods:

  • An evidence-based practice model guided problem assessment, research appraisal, and goal definition.
  • A pilot project was conducted to test the efficacy of the pledget-sponge dilation technique.
  • Outcomes included tracking surgery delays and procedure turnover times.

Main Results:

  • The pledget-sponge procedure led to fewer surgery delays attributed to inadequate pupil dilation.
  • A notable decrease in procedure turnover time was observed post-implementation.
  • Preoperative nursing staff reported increased satisfaction with the new dilation method.

Conclusions:

  • The pledget-sponge technique offers a more effective and efficient method for achieving mydriasis in cataract surgery.
  • This quality improvement initiative successfully enhanced operational efficiency and staff satisfaction.
  • The procedure was adopted facility-wide for all cataract surgeries.