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Updated: May 9, 2026

Pharmacophore Modeling for Targets with Extensive Ligand Libraries: A Case Study on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Published on: September 26, 2025
Models for open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry
Alexander Schuhmacher1, Paul-Georg Germann, Henning Trill
1Reutlingen University, School of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany.
Abstract:
The nature of the pharmaceutical industry is such that the main driver for its growth is innovation. In view of the vast challenges that the industry has been facing for several years and, in particular, how to manage stagnating research and development (R&D) productivity, pharmaceutical companies have opened their R&D organizations to external innovation. Here, we identify and characterize four new types of open innovator, which we call 'knowledge creator', 'knowledge integrator', 'knowledge translator' and 'knowledge leverager', and which describe current open R&D models.
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