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Proteolysis controls endogenous substance P levels.

Andrew J Mitchell1, Anna Mari Lone, Arthur D Tinoco

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos One
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteolysis regulates Substance P (SP) levels in the spinal cord. Inhibiting SP-degrading enzymes with GM6001 significantly increased SP concentrations, confirming proteolysis as a key control mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide involved in pain and inflammation.
  • Mechanisms regulating SP levels include mRNA expression and neuronal secretion.
  • The role of proteolysis in controlling extracellular SP concentrations is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of proteolysis in regulating Substance P levels within the spinal cord.
  • To identify the specific cleavage site of SP by endogenous proteases.
  • To validate the hypothesis that proteolysis controls physiological SP concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized peptidomics to detect and quantify endogenous SP fragments in spinal cord lysates.
  • Performed a targeted chemical screen to identify inhibitors of SP proteolysis.
  • Administered the identified inhibitor, GM6001, to mice to assess its effect on SP levels.

Main Results:

  • Identified the primary SP cleavage site at the C-terminal side of the ninth residue.
  • Discovered GM6001 (galardin, ilomastat) as a potent inhibitor of SP(1-9) production.
  • Demonstrated a greater-than-three-fold increase in spinal cord SP levels upon GM6001 administration in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Proteolysis is a significant mechanism controlling physiological Substance P levels in the spinal cord.
  • Targeting SP-degrading proteases represents a potential therapeutic strategy for conditions involving SP.
  • This study provides crucial evidence supporting the role of enzymatic degradation in neuropeptide homeostasis.