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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

Update on therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis.

Matthew McCoyd1

  • 1Loyola University Medical Center, Building 105, Room 2700, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. mmccoyd@lumc.edu

Neurologic Clinics
|July 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurologic disorder affecting young individuals, characterized by relapses and disability. Recent research advancements have led to expanded treatment options and newly approved therapies for managing MS.

Keywords:
Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)BG-12 (Tecfidera)Fingolimod (Gilenya)McDonald criteriaNatalizumab (Tysabri)Teriflunomide (Aubagio)Vitamin D

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis is a prevalent neurologic disorder impacting young adults.
  • It is historically linked to debilitating relapses and progressive disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the recent advancements in multiple sclerosis treatment.
  • To discuss the expansion of therapeutic options driven by research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical research and therapeutic approvals in multiple sclerosis.
  • Analysis of emerging treatment strategies and insights into existing therapies.

Main Results:

  • Significant expansion in available treatment options for multiple sclerosis.
  • Tangible treatment results emerging from decades of dedicated research.
  • Introduction of newly approved and emerging therapies for MS management.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of multiple sclerosis treatment has rapidly evolved.
  • Ongoing research continues to yield promising therapeutic advancements for patients.