Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Geometric control of Fe(I) intermediates in CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction by tetrahedral tripodal phosphine complexes.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Energy, carbohydrates and fats in clinical sports nutrition.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2026
Same author

The 4Rs Framework of Sports Nutrition: An Update with Recommendations to Evaluate Allostatic Load in Athletes.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Nutrition for optimising immune function and recovery from injury in sports.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2025
Same author

Solar Light CO<sub>2</sub> Photoreduction Enhancement by Mononuclear Rhenium(I) Complexes: Characterization and Mechanistic Insights.

Inorganic chemistry·2024
Same author

Carbohydrate Nutrition and Skill Performance in Soccer.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2023
Same journal

Chairpersons, Speakers and Contributors.

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series·2024
Same journal

Integrating Next-Generation Evidence-Based Medicine Into Clinical Studies on Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series·2024
Same journal

The Art of Chewing: Optimizing Early Life Sensory Exposure to Develop Healthy Eating Behavior.

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series·2024
Same journal

What Does Healthy Microbiome Development Look Like? State of the Art and Beyond.

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series·2024
Same journal

Strategies to Develop Balanced Dietary Habits: Solving the Dilemma.

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series·2024
Same journal

Understanding the Ovarian Clock - Essential Knowledge for Pediatricians.

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

Intense exercise training and immune function.

Michael Gleeson1, Clyde Williams

  • 1School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.

Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
|August 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moderate exercise boosts immunity, but intense training can increase infection risk. Strategies like proper nutrition, sleep, and hygiene help athletes minimize illness around competitions.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise
07:52

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise

Published on: August 14, 2014

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
09:19

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

Published on: February 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise
07:52

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise

Published on: August 14, 2014

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
09:19

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

Published on: February 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Exercise immunology
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Regular moderate exercise generally reduces infection risk.
  • Intense training and prolonged exercise bouts can suppress immune function, increasing infection susceptibility in athletes.
  • Illnesses like colds can negatively impact athletic performance, especially near competitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline strategies for mitigating exercise-induced immune suppression.
  • To minimize infection risk in athletes undergoing intensive training.
  • To provide guidance on behavioral, nutritional, and training interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of behavioral, nutritional, and training strategies.
  • Emphasis on hygiene practices and avoiding transmission.
  • Recommendations for sleep, stress management, and dietary intake.

Main Results:

  • Adequate sleep, controlled psychological stress, and sufficient energy intake are crucial.
  • A balanced diet meeting protein and energy needs, with attention to micronutrients (iron, zinc, vitamins A, D, E, B6, B12), is essential.
  • Carbohydrate intake during prolonged exercise and daily consumption of plant polyphenols and Lactobacillus probiotics may aid immune function.

Conclusions:

  • Athletes can reduce infection risk through strategic lifestyle and dietary management.
  • Preventative measures include hygiene, appropriate training load management, and targeted nutritional support.
  • Minimizing immune suppression is key to maintaining performance and health during intensive training periods.