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Updated: May 9, 2026

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
11:47

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Published on: March 24, 2014

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants.

Linjie Zhang1, Raúl A Mendoza-Sassi, Claire Wainwright

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil. zhanglinjie63@yahoo.com.br.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|August 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nebulized 3% saline significantly reduces hospital stay and improves clinical scores in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. This treatment is safe and effective for non-severe cases, offering a valuable therapeutic option.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Critical Care
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Acute viral bronchiolitis in infants is characterized by airway edema and mucus plugging.
  • Nebulized hypertonic saline is a potential treatment to alleviate these pathological changes and reduce airway obstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of nebulized hypertonic saline (≥ 3%) in infants diagnosed with acute viral bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs.
  • Included studies compared nebulized hypertonic saline (≥ 3%) with nebulized 0.9% saline in infants up to 24 months.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers; meta-analyses used random-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Eleven trials involving 1090 infants were included; most were high quality with low risk of bias.
  • Nebulized 3% saline significantly reduced mean hospital stay (MD -1.15 days) and improved clinical scores in the first three days of treatment.
  • Improvements were observed in both outpatient and inpatient populations; no significant short-term effects were noted in emergency department trials, and no adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Nebulized 3% saline demonstrates significant potential in reducing hospital length of stay for hospitalized infants with non-severe acute viral bronchiolitis.
  • The treatment also improves clinical severity scores in both outpatient and inpatient settings, suggesting a beneficial role in managing this common pediatric respiratory illness.