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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
11:56

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

Cutaneous herpes zoster.

Sharmila Sengupta1

  • 1BLK Super Speciality Hospital, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110005, India, sharmila.sengupta1211@gmail.com.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|August 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cutaneous herpes zoster, a viral skin condition, affects the elderly and immunocompromised. Antiviral therapies and vaccines have improved outcomes, but research on prevention and disease modulation is ongoing.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cutaneous herpes zoster (shingles) is a global health concern, primarily affecting the elderly and immunocompromised.
  • It results from the reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus in the dorsal root ganglion.
  • While often self-limiting, it can lead to severe complications in vulnerable individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cutaneous herpes zoster.
  • To discuss its pathogenesis, potential complications, and management strategies.
  • To highlight areas requiring further research, particularly concerning disease modulation and prevention in immunocompromised populations.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a comprehensive literature review.
  • It synthesizes existing research on herpes zoster.
  • Information was gathered from various scientific databases and publications.

Main Results:

  • Antiviral therapies and a specific vaccine have significantly reduced disease morbidity.
  • Herpes zoster remains a concern due to potential complications and the need for improved prevention in specific groups.
  • Further research is needed to identify disease-modulating factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous herpes zoster management has improved with medical advancements.
  • Ongoing research is crucial for enhancing prevention and treatment, especially for immunocompromised individuals.
  • A deeper understanding of pathogenesis may lead to novel therapeutic targets.