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Potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients
Mandana Izadpanah1, Hossein Khalili
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Avenue, postal code 1417614411, PO box 14155/6451, Tehran, Iran.
Aim:
To review potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients.
Methods:
The data were collected by searching Scopus, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Clinical trials and Cochrane database systematic reviews. The keywords used as search terms were 'vitamin D', 'critically ill patients', 'ICU' and 'sepsis'.
Results & Conclusion:
Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients admitted to emergency departments, medical and surgical intensive care units. Positive effects of vitamin D on the immune system through decreasing inflammatory cytokines and increasing natural anti-infective molecules have been reported. Patients with low serum vitamin D concentrations experienced longer hospital stay and were more prone to nosocomial infections, including blood stream and respiratory infections. However, a correlation between vitamin D serum level and patients' mortality is not fully described. Limited studies have assessed effects of vitamin D supplementation on morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. In the future, well-designed randomized clinical trials should describe the best dose, route and duration of vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients.
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