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Evaluation and Manipulation of Neural Activity Using Two-Photon Holographic Microscopy
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Holographically patterned activation using photo-absorber induced neural-thermal stimulation.

Nairouz Farah1, Alaa Zoubi, Suhail Matar

  • 1Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

We developed patterned photo-absorber induced neural-thermal stimulation (PAINTS) for precise control of neuronal circuits. This method uses light absorption by photo-absorbers to achieve spatiotemporal selectivity in neural stimulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Controlling distributed neuronal circuits requires precise stimulation methods.
  • Photo-stimulation offers a promising approach for targeted neural manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of spatiotemporally patterned microscopic photo-absorber induced neural-thermal stimulation (PAINTS).
  • To elucidate the governing principles of PAINTS using exogenous photo-absorbers.

Main Methods:

  • Holographic light patterns were projected using CW green or IR femtosecond lasers onto photo-absorbers near cultured rat cortical cells.
  • Experimental results were compared with predictions from a temperature-rate model.

Main Results:

  • PAINTS induced sub-millisecond photo-thermal transients that stimulated adjacent cells.
  • Activation thresholds followed the Lapicque strength-duration formula, with lower energy requirements for the IR laser.
  • Empirical thresholds for the CW system aligned with simulations, while the IR system showed lower thresholds, suggesting an additional excitation mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Holographically patterned PAINTS offer a potential method for minimally invasive control of neuronal dynamics.
  • The technique provides high spatial and temporal selectivity for neural circuit modulation.