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Related Concept Videos

Motivational Cycle01:20

Motivational Cycle

The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...

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A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
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A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

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Breaking a vicious cycle.

Daniel F Hayes1, Jeff Allen, Carolyn Compton

  • 1University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. hayesdf@umich.edu

Science Translational Medicine
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Few tumor-biomarker tests are standard clinical practice due to inconsistent standards and undervaluation. Recommendations and stakeholder dialogue are needed to improve biomarker test adoption and clinical utility.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Despite advances in tumor biology, clinical adoption of tumor-biomarker tests remains limited.
  • A cycle of undervaluation hinders the development and implementation of reliable biomarker tests.
  • Inconsistent regulatory standards, reimbursement issues, and insufficient R&D investment contribute to this problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the barriers to the clinical adoption of tumor-biomarker tests.
  • To propose a roadmap for breaking the cycle of undervaluation for biomarker tests.
  • To advocate for a national dialogue involving all stakeholders to improve biomarker test implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of factors contributing to the lack of clinical adoption of tumor-biomarker tests.
  • Review of regulatory, reimbursement, investment, and publication scrutiny challenges.
  • Development of recommendations for improving biomarker test validation and utility.

Main Results:

  • Identified a "vicious cycle" of undervaluation impacting biomarker test development.
  • Highlighted issues with regulatory consistency, reimbursement policies, and R&D investment.
  • Emphasized the need for evidence of analytical validity and clinical utility.

Conclusions:

  • Breaking the cycle requires a multi-faceted approach involving regulatory, reimbursement, and investment reforms.
  • Enhanced peer review and guideline development are crucial for biomarker test validation.
  • A collaborative national dialogue among all stakeholders is essential for advancing biomarker test adoption in clinical practice.