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Related Concept Videos

Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
06:43

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Hypothermia for pediatric refractory status epilepticus.

Kristin Guilliams1, Max Rosen, Sandra Buttram

  • 1Division of Pediatric and Developmental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. guilliamsk@neuro.wustl.edu

Epilepsia
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mild hypothermia effectively reduced seizure burden in children with refractory status epilepticus (RSE). This treatment prevented seizure relapse in pediatric RSE patients, offering a promising therapeutic approach.

Keywords:
ChildrenCoolingPharmacoresistanceSeizures

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a critical neurological emergency characterized by pharmacoresistance.
  • RSE poses a significant threat to pediatric patients, often requiring aggressive treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of mild hypothermia in treating pediatric refractory status epilepticus (RSE).
  • To assess the impact of hypothermia on seizure burden and relapse rates in children with RSE.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review of five pediatric patients with RSE treated with mild hypothermia (32-35°C).
  • Data collected from two tertiary-care pediatric hospitals between 2009 and 2012.

Main Results:

  • Mild hypothermia reduced seizure burden during and after treatment in all five pediatric RSE cases.
  • Four out of five patients (80%) relapsed after pentobarbital treatment but did not relapse after hypothermia.
  • Four surviving children were discharged following hypothermia treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Mild hypothermia is effective in decreasing seizure burden in pediatric RSE.
  • Hypothermia may serve as a crucial intervention to prevent relapse in pediatric RSE cases.
  • This case series represents the largest pediatric study on mild hypothermia for RSE.