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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients
04:00

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients

Published on: August 2, 2024

Relationship between dry eye symptoms and pain sensitivity.

Jelle Vehof1, Diana Kozareva, Pirro G Hysi

  • 1Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Waterloo, London, England2Department of Ophthalmology & Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

JAMA Ophthalmology
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Increased pain sensitivity is linked to dry eye disease (DED) symptoms. This suggests that managing DED requires considering pain perception alongside ocular signs for better patient outcomes.

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Published on: May 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent condition with poorly understood symptom contributors, especially given the weak correlation between symptoms and objective ocular surface signs.
  • Investigating factors beyond traditional ocular metrics is crucial for understanding DED symptom experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if pain sensitivity influences the experience of dry eye disease symptoms in a population-based cohort.
  • To explore the relationship between objective measures of pain sensitivity and DED diagnosis and symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 1635 female twin volunteers (aged 20-83) from the TwinsUK registry.
  • Dry eye disease diagnosis considered clinician diagnosis, artificial tear prescription, or symptoms lasting ≥3 months.
  • Quantitative sensory testing (heat pain threshold and suprathreshold) assessed pain sensitivity in a subset of 689 women who also completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).

Main Results:

  • 27.0% of participants had DED. Women with DED exhibited significantly lower heat pain thresholds and suprathresholds, indicating higher pain sensitivity.
  • A strong association was found between DED pain symptoms (OSDI) and both heat pain threshold and suprathreshold (P ≤ .008).
  • Participants with lower heat pain thresholds (below median) were nearly twice as likely to report DED pain symptoms (OR, 1.76; P = .01).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated pain sensitivity and reduced pain tolerance are significantly associated with dry eye disease symptoms.
  • These findings suggest that pain perception is a relevant factor in the DED symptom complex, alongside ocular surface factors and psychological influences.
  • Effective management of DED symptoms necessitates a comprehensive approach, integrating pain sensitivity assessment with traditional ocular evaluations.