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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Evolving pandemic diabetic nephropathy.

Eli A Friedman1

  • 1Distinguished Teaching Professor of Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) from diabetes poses a global health challenge. Kidney transplantation offers better outcomes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients compared to dialysis.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseasediabetic nephropathyglycationrenal failurerenoprotection

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The rising prevalence of diabetic nephropathy strains healthcare systems globally.
  • End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients presents significant socioeconomic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of diabetes mellitus on CKD.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy and ESRD.
  • To compare treatment modalities for diabetic ESRD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on diabetic CKD and ESRD.
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies for delaying CKD progression.
  • Comparative assessment of renal replacement therapies for diabetic ESRD.

Main Results:

  • Effective management strategies have shown potential in reducing the incidence of ESRD among diabetic individuals.
  • Kidney transplantation demonstrates superior survival and rehabilitation rates for diabetic ESRD patients over dialysis.
  • Current treatments aim to slow the progression from early diabetic nephropathy to advanced renal failure.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in genetics and molecular biology may offer future preemptive interventions for diabetic kidney disease.
  • Optimizing therapy for diabetic nephropathy is crucial to mitigate its progression to ESRD.
  • Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for ESRD in patients with diabetes.