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Updated: May 9, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
Published on: May 23, 2020
The future in craniofacial surgery: computer-assisted planning
Stephen A Schendel1, Hagai Hazan-Molina, Adi Rachmiel
1Craniofacial Anomalies Center, Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;
Abstract:
Advancements in computers, prototyping, and imaging, especially over the last 10 years, have permitted the adoption of three-dimensional imaging protocols in the health care field. In this article, the authors present an integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning and treatment. Image fusion technology, which involves combining different imaging modalities, was utilized to create a realistic prototype and virtual image that can be manipulated in real time. The resultant data can then be shared over the Internet with distantly located practitioners.

