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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...

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A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

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Published on: August 8, 2014

Chronic illness: a revisionist account.

David Armstrong1

  • 1Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London.

Sociology of Health & Illness
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic illness dominance is not solely due to fewer infectious diseases or aging. Medical focus shifted, pathologizing aging and expanding medicine's scope.

Keywords:
ageingchronic diseasechronic illnessdeathepidemiological transition

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sociology
  • History of Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The prevailing view attributes chronic illness rise to declining infectious diseases and population aging.
  • This perspective frames chronic conditions as a natural consequence of epidemiological transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the established thesis on the emergence of chronic illness.
  • To analyze how the concept of chronic illness evolved within medical discourse.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of contemporary reports from the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
  • Examination of the shift in medical focus towards downstream disease consequences.

Main Results:

  • The construct of chronic illness emerged from a redefinition of aging and senescence as pathological processes.
  • Medicine expanded its domain by pathologizing natural life stages.

Conclusions:

  • The 'epidemiological transition' narrative obscures medicine's expanding influence and suppression of alternative explanations.
  • Understanding the historical construction of chronic illness is crucial for critical public health perspectives.