Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The ventilatory response to arousal from sleep is elevated in young individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine·2026
Same author

ACCESS-OSA: a randomized controlled trial for accurate, accessible, and cost-effective screening solutions for obstructive sleep apnoea: study protocol.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2026
Same author

Sex-specific effects of naturally shorter sleep on experimental pain perception.

Pain reports·2026
Same author

Research Priorities for Translating Endophenotyping of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea to the Clinic: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2025
Same author

The Relationship Between Sex, Fatigue, and Post-Concussion Symptoms Differs Between Those With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Versus Trauma Control and Healthy Control Participants.

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation·2025
Same author

The Effect of Suvorexant on Fear Extinction Recall: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial in Healthy Individuals.

Journal of sleep research·2025
Same journal

Assisted dying and the silencing of medicine's next generation.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Linguistic pragmatism: a woman with progressive abdominal pain in Thailand.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Medical compartmentalisation: a patient with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Japan.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-edotreotide versus everolimus for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (COMPETE): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Research priorities for characterising Bundibugyo virus.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Rethinking treatment sequence in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
04:53

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

Adult obstructive sleep apnoea.

Amy S Jordan1, David G McSharry2, Atul Malhotra3

  • 1University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder causing airway collapse and oxygen loss. Continuous positive airway pressure is the primary treatment, though other options exist for those intolerant.

More Related Videos

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
05:34

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
04:53

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
05:34

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent condition characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep.
  • This collapse leads to intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep, presenting with symptoms like snoring, witnessed apnoeas, and daytime sleepiness.
  • Pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving anatomical, neurological, and muscular factors, with obesity, male sex, and smoking as key risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea.
  • To discuss the established and alternative treatment modalities for OSA.
  • To highlight the association of OSA with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of obstructive sleep apnoea.
  • Synthesis of information on pathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical impact.
  • Overview of current treatment strategies including positive airway pressure, dental devices, surgery, and lifestyle modifications.

Main Results:

  • OSA is linked to significant morbidity, including sleepiness, increased accident risk, and probable systemic hypertension.
  • Associations with myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes mellitus are suggested but require further definitive evidence.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) demonstrates 60-70% adherence, with bi-level PAP and adaptive servo-ventilation as alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • OSA is a common disorder with serious health implications, necessitating effective management.
  • CPAP remains the gold standard treatment, but patient adherence and tolerance are critical factors.
  • A multi-modal approach, including alternative therapies and lifestyle changes, is essential for managing OSA effectively.