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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

Changes in plantar surface shape induced by corrective forefoot eversion.

J Foulston1, M Lord, S West

  • 1Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed how foot shape changes when the forefoot is everted for custom shoe inserts. Results show pronation patterns, aiding in computer-aided design for better foot orthotics.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Podiatry
  • Orthotics Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding the plantar surface's shape is crucial for effective shoe insert (orthotic) fabrication.
  • Existing methods for capturing foot shape may not fully represent the dynamic changes during correction.
  • Forefoot eversion is a common corrective maneuver in orthotic design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the change in plantar surface shape during forefoot eversion.
  • To analyze the transverse slope of the plantar plane in corrected versus natural foot orientations.
  • To provide data for developing computer-aided design (CAD) systems for custom orthotics.

Main Methods:

  • Collected plaster casts of 13 asymptomatic feet in both natural and everted (corrected) positions.
  • Utilized digital scanning to capture the 3D shape of each plantar surface.
  • Performed computer analysis to measure the transverse slope at multiple points along the foot's length.

Main Results:

  • The analysis revealed distinct changes in the plantar surface's transverse slope profile.
  • Results indicated patterns consistent with pronation occurring around the midtarsal joint during eversion.
  • Specific topographical changes were quantified between the natural and corrected foot postures.

Conclusions:

  • Forefoot eversion significantly alters the plantar surface topography, consistent with midtarsal pronation.
  • These quantified shape changes are valuable for refining computer-aided design in shoe insert fabrication.
  • The findings offer a foundational step towards more accurate and personalized orthotic design systems.