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Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

LAR-RPTPs: synaptic adhesion molecules that shape synapse development.

Ji Won Um1, Jaewon Ko

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

Trends in Cell Biology
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are key synaptic adhesion molecules. They organize synapse development and function, and their dysregulation may cause neurological disorders.

Keywords:
LARPTPδPTPσreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatasesynapsesynaptic adhesion

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System
04:47

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System

Published on: May 22, 2020

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Synapses are fundamental units of neural circuits, essential for brain function.
  • Synaptic adhesion molecules are critical for synapse formation, stabilization, and plasticity.
  • Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are implicated in central nervous system development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the emerging role of LAR-RPTPs in synapse organization.
  • To review the function of LAR-RPTPs in synaptic adhesion pathways.
  • To discuss the involvement of LAR-RPTPs in pre- and postsynaptic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on LAR-RPTPs.
  • Analysis of the role of LAR-RPTPs in synaptic adhesion.
  • Examination of LAR-RPTPs involvement in neural development and function.

Main Results:

  • LAR-RPTPs function as major synaptic adhesion molecules.
  • LAR-RPTPs are involved in diverse synaptic functions and pathways.
  • LAR-RPTPs play a crucial role in governing pre- and postsynaptic development.

Conclusions:

  • LAR-RPTPs are essential synapse organizers.
  • Dysfunctions in LAR-RPTPs may contribute to various neurological disorders.
  • Further research into LAR-RPTPs can elucidate mechanisms of synapse development and disease.