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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
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Concealing cellular defects in pluripotent stem cells.

Weiqi Zhang1, Jing Qu, Keiichiro Suzuki

  • 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Trends in Cell Biology
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular defects linked to aging and disease can be reset through reprogramming into a pluripotent state. Understanding this tolerance in stem cells aids disease modeling and therapies.

Keywords:
disease modelingpluripotent stem cellreprogramming

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Published on: August 29, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Aging and disease mechanisms

Background:

  • Defects in gene expression, protein homeostasis, metabolism, and organelle function are implicated in aging and human diseases.
  • These cellular abnormalities, often dormant in embryonic stages, manifest later in life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss how somatic cells with phenotypic defects can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state.
  • To explore the tolerance of cellular defects in pluripotent stem cells.
  • To provide insights for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modeling and therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent observations on cellular reprogramming.
  • Analysis of phenotypic defect tolerance in pluripotent stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Somatic cells with specific phenotypic defects can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state.
  • Most phenotypic abnormalities can be reset or tolerated in this pluripotent state.

Conclusions:

  • Insights into defect tolerance in pluripotent stem cells are crucial for understanding reprogrammed cells.
  • This knowledge can guide iPSC-based disease modeling and clinical applications.