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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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"Pills" and the air passages.

Elif Küpeli1, Danai Khemasuwan2, Pyng Lee3

  • 1Baskent University School of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Department, Ankara, Turkey.

Chest
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Accidental or intentional medication delivery to airways causes adverse effects. Pulmonologists and emergency specialists must recognize these reactions for effective patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Airway aspiration of medications, including pills and aerosols, can lead to adverse local and systemic effects.
  • The specific form of the medication and its interaction with the airways significantly influence patient outcomes.
  • Increasing use of airways for drug delivery (e.g., insulin, prostacyclin) necessitates understanding potential side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the local and systemic reactions associated with medications entering the airways.
  • To highlight the clinical significance for pulmonologists and emergency medicine specialists.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of airway medication complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of adverse events from airway medication exposure.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, injury mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Evaluation of management strategies for airway pill complications.

Main Results:

  • Aspiration of any medication form can cause diverse local and systemic adverse effects.
  • Airway reactions vary based on medication type and administration route (aspiration vs. iatrogenic).
  • Aerosolized medications also pose risks of local and systemic side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Recognition of airway medication complications is critical for respiratory and emergency physicians.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and presentations aids in timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • Effective management strategies are essential to mitigate adverse outcomes from airway medication exposure.