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Related Concept Videos

Fibril-associated Collagen01:11

Fibril-associated Collagen

Fibril-associated collagens are a type of collagens present in the extracellular matrix with interrupted triple helices or FACIT (Fibril-associated collagens interrupted triple-helices). FACIT help connect and attach the collagen fibrils with each other as well as with other proteins of the extracellular matrix.
For example, the type II collagen fibrils in cartilage have covalently bound type IX fibril-associated collagens at regular intervals. Other types of fibril-associated collagens are...
Collagens are the Major Structural Proteins of ECM01:13

Collagens are the Major Structural Proteins of ECM

Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long, straight fiber. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the body's movement.
Connective tissue proper includes loose...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can exist in...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Imaging Denatured Collagen Strands In vivo and Ex vivo via Photo-triggered Hybridization of Caged Collagen Mimetic Peptides
07:03

Imaging Denatured Collagen Strands In vivo and Ex vivo via Photo-triggered Hybridization of Caged Collagen Mimetic Peptides

Published on: January 31, 2014

Collagen cross linking: current perspectives.

Srinivas K Rao1

  • 1Darshan Eye Clinic and Surgical Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL) strengthens corneas to halt keratoconus progression. This treatment is evolving with new techniques and expanded uses beyond its initial application.

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Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo
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Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Imaging Denatured Collagen Strands In vivo and Ex vivo via Photo-triggered Hybridization of Caged Collagen Mimetic Peptides
07:03

Imaging Denatured Collagen Strands In vivo and Ex vivo via Photo-triggered Hybridization of Caged Collagen Mimetic Peptides

Published on: January 31, 2014

Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo
10:24

Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo

Published on: May 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Keratoconus is a common corneal ectatic disorder affecting over 1 in 1,000 individuals, typically starting in adolescence or early adulthood.
  • The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, and its progression is unpredictable, potentially leading to severe vision loss and the need for corneal transplantation.
  • Corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL) with riboflavin (C3R) has emerged as a treatment to increase corneal rigidity and prevent disease advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the current applications and advancements of collagen cross-linking (CXL) in ophthalmology.
  • To discuss the evolution of CXL procedures, including instrumentation and surgical techniques.
  • To review updated guidelines on patient selection, complication management, and combination therapies involving CXL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical experience with corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).
  • Analysis of evolving surgical techniques and instrumentation for CXL procedures.
  • Examination of expanded indications for CXL beyond traditional keratoconus treatment.

Main Results:

  • Corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL) effectively enhances corneal rigidity, thereby halting or slowing the progression of keratoconus.
  • The CXL procedure has undergone significant evolution, leading to improved safety and efficacy.
  • CXL is increasingly utilized for indications beyond keratoconus, reflecting its versatility.

Conclusions:

  • Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) represents a significant advancement in managing progressive corneal ectatic disorders like keratoconus.
  • Ongoing research and clinical experience are refining CXL techniques, patient selection, and complication management.
  • The expanding applications of CXL highlight its potential as a transformative treatment in corneal surgery.