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Updated: May 9, 2026

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence

Published on: December 23, 2022

Percutaneous paravalvular leak closure.

Robert Kumar¹, Vladimir Jelnin, Chad Kliger

¹Department of Structural and Congenital Heart Disease, Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, North Shore/LIJ Health System, New York, NY 10021-10075, USA.

Cardiology Clinics

|August 13, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Percutaneous paravalvular leak closure offers a less invasive option for patients with symptomatic prosthetic regurgitation. Advanced imaging and specific techniques improve procedural success and reduce complications compared to reoperation.

Keywords:

Congestive heart failure Hemolytic anemia Paravalvular regurgitation Percutaneous closure Prosthetic valve

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Interventional Cardiology
Medical Devices

Background:

Symptomatic prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation often necessitates intervention.
Reoperation carries significant risks, driving the need for alternative treatments.
Percutaneous closure has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical reintervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis of paravalvular leaks.
To describe current percutaneous closure techniques.
To discuss the role of advanced imaging in these procedures.

Main Methods:

Review of pathogenesis and percutaneous closure techniques.
Emphasis on multimodality imaging: 3D transesophageal echocardiography and 3D/4D CT angiography.
Discussion of techniques for complex anatomies and large leaks.

Main Results:

Advanced imaging enhances preprocedural planning and intraprocedural guidance.
Specialized techniques address challenging patient anatomy and larger leaks.
Experienced centers report acceptable technical and clinical success rates.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous paravalvular leak closure is an effective alternative to reoperation.
Multimodality imaging is crucial for successful percutaneous closure.
This approach offers lower procedural morbidity compared to repeat surgery.