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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)
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Validity of modulation and optimal settings for advanced voxel-based morphometry.

Joaquim Radua1, Erick Jorge Canales-Rodríguez2, Edith Pomarol-Clotet2

  • 1FIDMAG Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.

Neuroimage
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Modulation in classic voxel-based morphometry (VBM) significantly reduces sensitivity for detecting mesoscopic brain abnormalities. Advanced VBM methods perform best without modulation, using large smoothing kernels and specific spatial statistics for accurate results.

Keywords:
Cluster-based statisticsDiffeomorphic registrationModulationNormalizationThreshold-free cluster enhancementVoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Structural MRI analysis
  • Brain morphometry

Background:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a standard neuroimaging technique for comparing brain volumes.
  • The 'modulation' step in VBM lacks thorough experimental validation.
  • Detecting mesoscopic brain abnormalities, like cortical thinning, is crucial for understanding neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of modulation on detecting mesoscopic abnormalities in classic VBM.
  • To determine optimal settings for advanced, high-resolution VBM algorithms for mesoscopic abnormality detection.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed sensitivity and false positive rates of modulated vs. unmodulated VBM across different software and statistics.
  • Tested various parameter settings in advanced VBM (ANTS-SyN) using simulated mesoscopic abnormalities (cortical thinning).
  • Compared 10 VBM analyses involving 32 altered vs. 32 unaltered gray matter images.

Main Results:

  • Modulation in classic VBM significantly decreased sensitivity for detecting mesoscopic abnormalities (p<0.001).
  • Advanced VBM achieved optimal sensitivity without modulation, employing large smoothing kernels and voxel-based or TFCE statistics.
  • The detrimental effect of modulation was more pronounced with higher-resolution normalization algorithms due to increased variance.

Conclusions:

  • Unmodulated VBM is recommended for detecting mesoscopic abnormalities, such as cortical thinning.
  • Advanced VBM techniques offer improved detection of subtle brain changes when specific parameters are applied.
  • Careful consideration of VBM parameters, particularly modulation, is essential for accurate neuroimaging analysis.