Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Microenvironments01:22

Microenvironments

Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Freshwater Microbial Ecology01:24

Freshwater Microbial Ecology

Freshwater systems such as streams, rivers, and lakes exhibit distinct physical and biological characteristics that influence their microbial communities. These environments are broadly categorized into lotic systems—those with flowing waters like streams and most rivers—and lentic systems, which include still or slow-moving waters such as lakes, ponds, and marshes.In lentic systems, phytoplankton drive primary production, generating autochthonous organic carbon. In contrast, lotic systems...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epidemicity conditions in spatial models of infectious diseases.

Bollettino della Unione matematica italiana (2008)·2026
Same author

Climate Change Alters Elevational Distribution Patterns of <i>Cormus domestica</i> Habitat.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Concurrent AI-human interaction in prostate cancer MRI interpretation: More hype than help?

European radiology experimental·2026
Same author

PRIMARY-AI: outcomes-based standards to safeguard primary care in the AI era.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

An individual, mechanistic and dynamical model to simulate urban tree growth and ecosystem services supply under future scenarios.

The Science of the total environment·2026
Same author

Linking complex microbial interactions and dysbiosis through a disordered Lotka-Volterra model.

eLife·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

Spatially explicit conditions for waterborne pathogen invasion.

Marino Gatto1, Lorenzo Mari, Enrico Bertuzzo

  • 1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. gatto@elet.polimi.it

The American Naturalist
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new model predicts waterborne pathogen invasion by analyzing pathogen concentration and human mobility. The dominant eigenvalue of a generalized reproductive matrix indicates invasion risk, guiding outbreak prevention and intervention strategies.

More Related Videos

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens
08:01

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens

Published on: March 3, 2012

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
12:32

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales

Published on: November 25, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens
08:01

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens

Published on: March 3, 2012

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
12:32

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales

Published on: November 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Waterborne pathogens pose significant threats to human health, causing numerous potentially fatal diseases.
  • Understanding the spatial dynamics of pathogen invasion is crucial for effective public health interventions.
  • Previous models often simplified the complex interplay of environmental and demographic factors in disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a condition for pathogen invasion and disease outbreak in a territory with heterogeneous characteristics.
  • To develop a spatially explicit model integrating hydrological, ecological, demographic, and epidemiological factors.
  • To identify key parameters influencing pathogen spread and predict geographical areas most vulnerable to outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a spatially explicit model incorporating susceptible/infected individuals and pathogen concentration.
  • Analysis of a network of communities linked by human mobility and water systems.
  • Calculation of the dominant eigenvalue of a generalized reproductive matrix (J0) to determine invasion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Pathogen invasion occurs when the dominant eigenvalue of J0 exceeds unity.
  • Varied parameters like population density, contamination rates, and network connectivity significantly impact invasion conditions.
  • The dominant eigenvector of J0 accurately predicts the geographical distribution of initial epidemic outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a robust criterion for predicting waterborne pathogen invasion.
  • The findings highlight the importance of spatial heterogeneity in disease dynamics.
  • Identifying high-risk areas through the model aids in efficient spatial allocation of public health interventions.