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Divers' lung function: small airways disease?

E Thorsen1, K Segadal, B Kambestad

  • 1Norwegian Underwater Technology Centre A/S, Ytre Laksevåg.

British Journal of Industrial Medicine
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
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Professional saturation divers exhibit reduced pulmonary function, including lower lung volumes and airflow, and increased closing volume. This indicates long-term effects of diving exposure on lung health.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational health
  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Diving physiology

Background:

  • Saturation diving involves prolonged exposure to increased ambient pressure.
  • Potential long-term effects of saturation diving on pulmonary function are not fully understood.
  • Previous studies suggest transient lung function changes after diving, but cumulative effects require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess pulmonary function in professional saturation divers compared to a control group.
  • To investigate the correlation between diving exposure metrics and pulmonary function parameters.
  • To identify potential long-term pulmonary health consequences of saturation diving.

Main Methods:

  • Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 152 saturation divers and 106 controls.

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  • Measurements included static and dynamic lung volumes, airflow rates, and gas transfer factors (T1CO, KCO).
  • Diving exposure was quantified by years of experience, days in saturation, depth, and cumulative exposure indices.

    • Main Results:

    • Divers showed significantly lower forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, and transfer factors (T1CO, KCO) compared to controls.
    • Divers exhibited a significantly higher closing volume (CV).
    • Increased diving exposure correlated positively with CV and negatively with other pulmonary function parameters, suggesting cumulative effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Saturation diving is associated with impaired pulmonary function, indicative of small airways dysfunction.
    • Reduced lung function in divers appears to be a cumulative, long-term effect of repeated diving exposure.
    • Pulmonary health monitoring is crucial for professional saturation divers to mitigate long-term risks.