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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
Coagulation01:06

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Sterically stabilized colloids with tunable repulsions.

Kitty van Gruijthuijsen1, Marc Obiols-Rabasa, Marco Heinen

  • 1Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Rte de l'ancienne Papeterie 1, CH-1723 Marly, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel polystyrene colloid that prevents aggregation using steric stabilization. This tunable colloid allows control over electrostatic repulsions in aqueous suspensions, crucial for understanding colloidal behavior.

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Published on: August 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Irreversible colloid aggregation and gelation occur in charged colloids at high salt concentrations due to attractive van der Waals (VDW) forces.
  • Common synthetic colloids like polystyrene and silica are susceptible to VDW-induced coagulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sterically stabilized aqueous polystyrene model colloid resistant to VDW attractions.
  • To demonstrate tunable electrostatic repulsions in colloidal suspensions by modifying surface charge.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polystyrene colloids using a neutral initiator and nonionic surfactant, with tunable surface charge via methacrylic acid addition.
  • Characterization of particle properties (size, grafting density, core-shell structure, surface charge) using light and neutron scattering.
  • Determination of effective particle charges using X-ray and neutron scattering combined with integral equation theory for the colloidal static structure factor.

Main Results:

  • A polystyrene colloid was engineered with steric stabilization against VDW forces.
  • Interactions were tuned from hard-sphere-like to charge-stabilized with long-ranged electrostatic repulsions (Yukawa potential).
  • Effective particle charges were deduced for volume fractions ≥0.1 and salt concentrations from 1.5 to 50 mM.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model colloid offers a platform for studying tunable electrostatic repulsions in colloidal systems.
  • The synthesis method provides control over surface charge, enabling precise manipulation of interparticle forces.
  • This work facilitates fundamental research into colloidal phase behavior and interactions.