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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

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Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development
09:25

Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development

Published on: March 24, 2011

Signaling pathways regulating ectodermal cell fate choices.

Cédric Patthey1, Lena Gunhaga2

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.

Experimental Cell Research
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secreted signals guide embryonic ectodermal cells through binary decisions, shaping nervous system development. This research synthesizes recent findings on how these signals instruct cell differentiation for specific identities.

Keywords:
BMPCell specificationEctodermFGFNeural crestPlacodesShhWnt

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular signaling
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Embryonic patterning and early nervous system development are complex processes.
  • Understanding how ectodermal derivatives acquire specific cell identities is crucial.
  • Recent advances are clarifying the role of signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings and models of secreted signals in ectodermal development.
  • To explain how progenitor cells make successive binary decisions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of cell type-specific differentiation programs.

Main Methods:

  • Mini-review of existing literature.
  • Synthesis of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of signaling models.

Main Results:

  • A handful of secreted signals play key roles.
  • Progenitor cells undergo successive binary decisions.
  • These decisions lead to specific differentiation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • A coherent picture of signal-instructed ectodermal differentiation is emerging.
  • Secreted signals are central to establishing cell type diversity.
  • Further research will refine our understanding of these developmental processes.