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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

HSF1 in Translation.

Emmanuel de Billy1, Paul A Clarke, Paul Workman

  • 1Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.

Cancer Cell
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is crucial in cancer. This study reveals that increased protein translation activates HSF1 in cancer cells, offering a new therapeutic target.

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Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
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Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
13:52

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: July 9, 2013

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cellular stress response
  • Cancer biology
  • Molecular mechanisms

Background:

  • Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulates cellular responses to stress.
  • HSF1's role in cancer pathogenesis is increasingly recognized but not fully understood.
  • The link between protein translation and HSF1 activation in cancer needs elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms linking protein translation to HSF1 activation in cancer.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting this connection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein translation rates in malignant cells.
  • Assessment of HSF1 activation pathways.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions targeting the identified link.

Main Results:

  • A direct correlation was found between increased protein translation and HSF1 activation in cancer cells.
  • Targeting this specific link demonstrated therapeutic benefits in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

  • Increased protein translation is a key activator of HSF1 in malignant cells.
  • This finding provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting HSF1 in cancer treatment.