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Updated: May 8, 2026

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

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Published on: March 9, 2021

Cryptic impacts of temperature variability on amphibian immune function.

Kimberly A Terrell1, Richard P Quintero, Suzan Murray

  • 1Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amphibians can tolerate rapid temperature changes, with variable temperatures boosting their innate immune system activity. This immune response, beneficial in unpredictable environments, is often undetectable by standard health indicators.

Keywords:
Cryptobranchusclimate changeprotein complementsalamanderthermal physiology

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Published on: March 9, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ectothermic species in temperate zones face rapid temperature shifts.
  • Physiological effects of short-term temperature variation in amphibians are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if natural temperature fluctuations negatively impact amphibian health.
  • To investigate effects on immune function and physiological stress in Cryptobranchus alleganiensis.

Main Methods:

  • Exposing captive salamanders to natural stream temperature fluctuations.
  • Evaluating behavioral and physiological responses, including plasma complement activity against bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Variable temperatures increased bacterial killing (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) by 70% and 50% respectively.
  • No evidence of thermal acclimation was observed.
  • Other health indicators remained stable, suggesting cryptic immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Amphibians can tolerate and benefit from natural rapid temperature variations.
  • Temperature variation can enhance innate immune activity, an adaptive response to unpredictable environments.
  • Future climate change impact assessments should consider naturalistic temperature fluctuation patterns.