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Updated: May 8, 2026
06:56
Tree Core Analysis with X-ray Computed Tomography
Published on: September 22, 2023
Causes and imaging patterns of tree-in-bud opacities
Wallace T Miller1, Jill S Panosian2
1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Chest
|August 17, 2013
Summary
Tree-in-bud (TIB) opacities are frequently caused by respiratory infections, particularly mycobacteria and bacteria, or aspiration. Specific imaging patterns can help identify the underlying cause of TIB opacities.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tree-in-bud (TIB) opacities have multiple known causes.
- The relative frequencies of these causes have not been previously evaluated.
- Identifying patterns associated with TIB opacities is crucial for diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the relative frequencies of various causes of TIB opacities.
- To identify specific disease patterns associated with TIB opacities.
Main Methods:
- Retrieved cases with TIB opacities from radiology reports in 2010.
- Reviewed medical records and CT scans to ascertain causes of TIB opacities.
- Evaluated disease patterns associated with TIB opacities.
Main Results:
- Established causes in 40.9% of cases; respiratory infections (72%) and aspiration (25%) were most common.
- Mycobacterial infections were linked to alternating normal lung and small airways disease patterns.
- Bacterial infections and aspiration were associated with bronchopneumonia patterns.
Conclusions:
- TIB opacities are primarily manifestations of infections or aspiration.
- Distinct imaging patterns associated with TIB opacities can guide diagnosis.
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